Short‐term salmon price forecasting

This study establishes a benchmark for short‐term salmon price forecasting. The weekly spot price of Norwegian farmed Atlantic salmon is predicted 1–5 weeks ahead using data from 2007 to 2014. Sixteen alternative forecasting methods are considered, ranging from classical time series models to customized machine learning techniques to salmon futures prices. The best predictions are delivered by k‐nearest neighbors method for 1 week ahead; vector error correction model estimated using elastic net regularization for 2 and 3 weeks ahead; and futures prices for 4 and 5 weeks ahead. While the nominal gains in forecast accuracy over a naïve benchmark are small, the economic value of the forecasts is considerable. Using a simple trading strategy for timing the sales based on price forecasts could increase the net profit of a salmon farmer by around 7%.     

生产成本信息不对称下零售商风险厌恶的回购契约

探索在市场价格随机条件下,生产成本信息不对称零售商风险厌恶时,采用回购契约协调二级供应链的内在规律.构建新的条件下的回购契约模型并求解,分析信息不对称和风险厌恶对供应链上各决策变量的影响.通过算例仿真进行了验证,研究结果发现:在市场价格随机条件下,不管生产成本信息是否对称,只要零售商存在风险厌恶,供应链上各决策变量都会发生分岔突变的现象;不管零售商是否风险厌恶,生产成本信息不对称都会给供应商带来额外的收益,但会损害零售商与整个供应链的收益;信息越不对称,供应链上的各种决策变量在分岔突变区域的振幅越大.结论是:分岔突变现象是价格随机条件下,参与者风险厌恶时存在的一种特有现象;供应商能够通过隐瞒私人信息带来额外的收益,但损害零售商和供应链的利益;零售商应对生产成本信息不对称的最好办法就是以最低的成本使生产成本信息透明;零售商以平稳的心态面对各种外部风险,更有利于科学决策.     

考虑等待时间的网约车与出租车均衡定价研究

针对网约车和出租车的出行服务竞争,用等待时间刻画影响需求的服务质量,考虑网约车服务质量高于/低于出租车服务质量两种情景,探讨两种服务共存的条件及均衡定价策略.研究结果表明:当总网络外部性为正时,两种服务需较高差异化才能实现共存;而当总网络外部性为负时,无需其他条件约束,两种服务皆可共存.通过算例分析,分析了网约车服务等待时间对消费者剩余的影响以及参数对两种服务共存条件的影响.此外,借鉴参照依赖理论描述出租车司机在竞争市场中的获利感知,提出基于服务质量差异的网约车管制措施.研究结论为网约车服务定价和监管策略提供了一定的管理启示.     

考虑零售商策略性库存的双渠道供应链定价及协调

针对双渠道供应链环境下，零售商将前期采购的部分产品作为策略性库存用于后期销售的情形，建立了制造商为主方的两周期Stackelberg动态博弈模型，分析了零售商持有策略性库存对双渠道供应链成员定价决策的影响。研究结果表明，零售商可以通过持有策略性库存影响制造商的批发价格决策，进而影响传统零售渠道和电子直销渠道之间的零售价格竞争。特别地，当单位库存持有成本较小时，持有策略性库存能够增加零售商利润。同时，为了缓解渠道冲突和双重边际化问题，构造了基于电子渠道直销价格的批发价格折扣和固定转移支付的组合契约。最后，通过数值分析，验证了此种组合契约同时协调零售商策略性库存决策和双渠道供应链成员两周期定价决策的有效性。     

参照价格效应下的绿色供应链协调机制

在考虑消费者的参照价格效应下，研究绿色供应链的协调机制问题。构建了基于参照价格的分散决策模型、集中决策模型、成本分担契约和收益共享契约，给出了各优化模型下的最优均衡策略，并对其进行了比较分析。研究结果表明：成本分担契约和收益共享契约可以提高供应链系统的利润，却不能达到一体化下的最优利润；收益共享契约优于成本分担契约；随着参照价格效应的增加，产品绿色度、批发价格和零售价格减小，制造商和零售商的利润增加；考虑消费者的参照价格效应可以提高制造商和零售商的利润。     

Can online search data improve the forecast accuracy of pork price in China?

Online search data provide us with a new perspective for quantifying public concern about animal diseases, which can be regarded as a major external shock to price fluctuations. We propose a modeling framework for pork price forecasting that incorporates online search data with support vector regression model. This novel framework involves three main steps: that is, formulation of the animal diseases composite indexes (ADCIs) based on online search data; forecast with the original ADCIs; and forecast improvement with the decomposed ADCIs. Considering that there are some noises within the online search data, four decomposition techniques are introduced: that is, wavelet decomposition, empirical mode decomposition, ensemble empirical mode decomposition, and singular spectrum analysis. The experimental study confirms the superiority of the proposed framework, which improves both the level and directional prediction accuracy. With the SSA method, the noise within the online search data can be removed and the performance of the optimal model is further enhanced. Owing to the long-term effect of diseases outbreak on price volatility, these improvements are more prominent in the mid- and long-term forecast horizons.     

The industrial asymmetry of the stock price prediction with investor sentiment: Based on the comparison of predictive effects with SVR

As a representative emerging financial market, the Chinese stock market is more prone to volatility because of investor sentiment. It is reasonable to use efficient predictive methods to analyze the influence of investor sentiment on stock price forecasting. This paper conducts a comparative study about the predictive performance of artificial neural network, support vector regression (SVR) and autoregressive integrated moving average and selects SVR to study the asymmetry effect of investor sentiment on different industry index predictions. After studying the relevant financial indicators, the results divide the Shenwan first-class industries into two types and show that the industries affected by investor sentiment are composed of young companies with high growth and high operative pressure and there are a great number of investment bubbles in those companies.     

增扩诚信内在需求之研究

诚信内在需求不足是导致诚信缺失的一个重要原因,解决诚信缺失的思路之一在于增扩诚信内在需求,激发诚信内在动力,这既有必要性又有可能性。为此,必须提升诚信价值、健全诚信内在需求导向机制和激励机制。     

国际石油价格波动的结构性因素分析

文章将石油供给性冲击、需求性冲击和投机行为冲击3方面结构性因素细分为5个内生变量,构建反映油价波动的结构向量自回归(SVAR)模型,并运用模型对1999—2012年期间油价波动的原因进行了实证分析。结果表明:需求性冲击无论是长期还是短期都是油价波动的最主要因素;其次,投机性冲击对油价波动的影响也较大,不容忽视;短期突发事件和供给冲击短期对油价有些影响,长期影响基本消失。     

生猪价格保险发展的SWOT分析 ——以四川省为例

开展生猪价格保险是市场化条件下平抑价格波动,实现"价补分离"的有效手段,但是目前四川省试点生猪价格保险还面临一系列内外环境的制约。以SWOT分析方法为工具,从strengths(优势)、weaknesses(劣势)、opportunities(机遇)和threats(威胁)4个角度出发,全面分析了四川省开展生猪价格保险的具体情况。研究认为:开发生猪价格保险虽具有养殖户和政府作为需求主体的内生性需求优势,但也面临缺乏生猪期货市场配套、财政补贴不均衡、补贴压力过大的劣势和威胁。因此,建议四川省政府在中期健全价格监测体系、加快生猪期货市场建设,在长期构建市场风险巨灾分散体系等。